Tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana na Amurka
A ranar Laraba, agogon kasar, gwamnatin Amurka Biden ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke nuna cewa nan da shekara ta 2035 ana sa ran Amurka za ta samu kashi 40% na wutar lantarki daga hasken rana, kuma nan da shekarar 2050 za a kara samun karuwar adadin zuwa kashi 45%.
Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta yi cikakken bayani kan muhimmiyar rawar da makamashin hasken rana ke takawa wajen kawar da iskar wutar lantarkin Amurka a cikin nazarin makomar hasken rana. Binciken ya nuna cewa nan da shekara ta 2035, ba tare da an kara farashin wutar lantarki ba, makamashin hasken rana na da damar samar da kashi 40 cikin 100 na wutar lantarkin kasar, tare da samar da guraben ayyukan yi da kuma samar da ayyukan yi har miliyan 1.5.
Rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa, cimma wannan buri na bukatar samar da makamashi mai girma da adalci cikin adalci, da kuma tsare-tsare masu karfi da za a iya kawar da su, a daidai lokacin da gwamnatin Biden ke kokarin tinkarar matsalar sauyin yanayi da kuma kara saurin amfani da makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa a fadin kasar.
Ayyukan rahoton da ke nuna cewa cimma waɗannan manufofin za su buƙaci dala biliyan 562 a ƙarin kashe kuɗin jama'a da na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Amurka tsakanin 2020 da 2050. A lokaci guda kuma, saka hannun jari a hasken rana da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsafta na iya kawo kusan dala tiriliyan 1.7 a fa'idodin tattalin arziki, wani ɓangare ta hanyar kuɗin kiwon lafiya na rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a Amurka ya kai watts biliyan 15 zuwa watts biliyan 7.6, wanda ya kai kashi 3 na wutar lantarki a halin yanzu.
A shekara ta 2035, rahoton ya ce, Amurka za ta bukaci rubanya makamashin hasken rana da take amfani da shi a duk shekara tare da samar da wutar lantarki gigawatts 1,000 ga tashar wutar lantarki da na'urori masu sabuntawa suka mamaye. Nan da shekara ta 2050, ana sa ran hasken rana zai samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin gigawatt 1,600, wanda ya zarce duk wutar lantarki da gine-ginen gidaje da na kasuwanci ke cinyewa a Amurka. Decarbonization na dukan tsarin makamashi zai iya samar da kusan 3,000 GW na makamashin hasken rana nan da 2050 saboda karuwar wutar lantarki na sufuri, gine-gine da masana'antu.
Rahoton ya bayyana cewa, dole ne Amurka ta sanya matsakaicin kilowatts miliyan 30 na karfin hasken rana a kowace shekara tsakanin yanzu zuwa 2025, da kilowatts miliyan 60 a kowace shekara daga 2025 zuwa 2030. Tsarin binciken ya kara nuna cewa ragowar grid maras amfani da carbon za a samar da shi da farko ta hanyar iska (36%), nukiliya (11% - lantarki%) da 13% (13%). bioenergy/geothermal (1%).
Rahoton ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa haɓaka sabbin kayan aikin don haɓaka sassaucin grid, kamar ajiya da inverters masu haɓakawa, da haɓaka watsawa, zai taimaka motsa hasken rana zuwa kowane kusurwoyi na Amurka - iska da hasken rana a hade za su samar da kashi 75 na wutar lantarki ta hanyar 2035 da kashi 90 ta 2050. Bugu da ƙari, goyon bayan manufofin decarbonization da kuma rage fasahohin gaba don haka za a buƙaci don haka.
A cewar Huajun Wang, wani manazarci a ZSE Securities, ana tsammanin samun CAGR kashi 23%, daidai da shekara guda na ikon shigar da shi a Amurka ana sa ran zai kai 110GW a shekarar 2030.
A cewar Wang, "wasannin tsaka tsaki na carbon" ya zama yarjejeniya ta duniya, kuma ana sa ran PV zai zama babban karfi na "tsatsatsin carbon":
A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, farashin wutar lantarki na kilowatt-hour ya ragu daga yuan/kWh 2.47 a shekarar 2010 zuwa yuan 0.37 a cikin 2020, raguwar har zuwa 85%. Photovoltaic "zamanin farashin lebur" yana gabatowa, photovoltaic zai zama babban ƙarfin "carbon tsaka tsaki".
Don masana'antar photovoltaic, shekaru goma masu zuwa na buƙata sau goma babban hanya. Mun kiyasta cewa a cikin 2030 sabon shigarwar PV na kasar Sin ana sa ran zai kai 416-536GW, tare da CAGR na 24% -26%; Sabuwar shigar da buƙatun duniya zai kai 1246-1491GW, tare da CAGR na 25% -27%. Bukatar da aka shigar don photovoltaic zai girma sau goma a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, tare da sararin kasuwa.
Bukatar goyon bayan "babban manufa".
Nazarin hasken rana ya dogara ne akan babban shirin gwamnatin Biden don cimma grid maras amfani da carbon nan da 2035 da kuma lalata tsarin makamashi mafi girma nan da 2050.

Kunshin kayayyakin more rayuwa da Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta zartar a watan Agusta ya hada da biliyoyin daloli don ayyukan samar da makamashi mai tsafta, amma an bar wasu muhimman manufofi da dama, gami da tsawaita kudaden haraji. Duk da haka, kudurin kasafin kudi na dala tiriliyan 3.5 da majalisar ta zartar a watan Agusta na iya hada da wadannan tsare-tsare.

Masana'antar hasken rana ta Amurka ta ce rahoton ya jaddada bukatar masana'antar na samun "mahimman manufofi" tallafi.

A ranar Laraba, fiye da kamfanoni 700 sun aika da wasiƙa ga Majalisa suna neman tsawaita dogon lokaci tare da haɓaka ƙimar harajin saka hannun jari na hasken rana da matakan haɓaka ƙarfin grid.

Bayan shekaru na girgiza manufofin siyasa, lokaci ya yi da za a bai wa kamfanonin makamashi mai tsafta tabbacin manufar da suke bukata don tsaftace grid ɗinmu, ƙirƙirar miliyoyin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da gina tattalin arzikin makamashi mai tsafta, in ji Abigail Ross Hopper, shugabar Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Solar Energy ta Amurka.

Hopper ya jaddada cewa ana iya samun gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ikon hasken rana, amma "ana bukatar gagarumin ci gaban manufofin.

Fasahar Wutar Lantarki ta Rarraba
A halin yanzu, PV panels na yau da kullun suna auna kilo 12 a kowace murabba'in mita. Amorphous silicon sikanin-film kayayyaki suna auna kilo 17 a kowace murabba'in mita

Nazarin shari'ar tsarin PV na hasken rana a Amurka
Manyan kasashe 10 a duniya don samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana!

1. China 223800 (TWH)

2. Amurka 108359 (TWH)

3. Japan 75274 (TWH)

4. Jamus 47517 (TWH)

5. Indiya 46268 (TWH)

6. Italiya 24326 (TWH)

7. Ostiraliya 17951 (TWH)

8. Spain 15042 (TWH)

9. Ƙasar Ingila 12677 (TWH)

10. Mexico 12439 (TWH)

Tare da babban goyon bayan manufofin kasa, kasuwar PV ta kasar Sin ta fito cikin sauri kuma ta zama babbar kasuwar PV mai amfani da hasken rana a duniya.

Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 60% na yawan abin da ake samarwa a duniya.

Nazarin Harka na Tsarin Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Hasken Rana a Amurka
SolarCity wani kamfanin wutar lantarki ne na Amurka wanda ya kware a ci gaban ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na gida da kasuwanci. Ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da tsarin hasken rana a Amurka, tana ba da cikakkiyar sabis na hasken rana kamar ƙirar tsarin, shigarwa, da kuma ba da kuɗi da sa ido kan gine-gine, don samar da wutar lantarki ga abokan ciniki a farashi mai rahusa fiye da kayan aikin lantarki. A yau, kamfanin yana ɗaukar ma'aikata fiye da 14,000.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 2006, SolarCity ya girma cikin sauri, tare da kayan aikin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa sosai daga megawatts 440 (MW) a 2009 zuwa 6,200 MW a 2014, kuma an jera shi akan NASDAQ a cikin Disamba 2012.

Tun daga 2016, SolarCity yana da fiye da abokan ciniki 330,000 a cikin jihohi 27 a duk faɗin Amurka. Baya ga kasuwancinta na hasken rana, SolarCity ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Tesla Motors don samar da samfurin ajiyar makamashi na gida, Powerwall, don amfani da hasken rana.

Tushen wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic na Amurka
Farkon Solar Amurka Farkon Solar, Nasdaq:FSLR

Kamfanin photovoltaic na Amurka
Trina Solar wani kamfani ne mai dogaro da yanayin aiki mai jituwa da fa'idodi masu kyau. ("Trina Solar") ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai samar da kayan aikin photovoltaic kuma babban mai ba da cikakken bayani game da hasken rana, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1997 a Changzhou, Lardin Jiangsu, kuma an jera shi a New York Stock Exchange a 2006. A karshen 2017 PV, Trina Solar yana matsayi na farko a cikin tsarin duniya.

Trina Solar ta kafa hedkwatarta na yanki na Turai, Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya na Asiya Pacific a Zurich, Switzerland, San Jose, California da Singapore, da kuma ofisoshi a Tokyo, Madrid, Milan, Sydney, Beijing da Shanghai. Trina Solar ta gabatar da manyan hazaka daga kasashe da yankuna sama da 30, kuma tana da kasuwanci a cikin kasashe da yankuna sama da 100 a duniya.

A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2019, Trina Solar ta kasance lamba 291 a cikin jerin manyan masana'antun masana'antu 500 na kasar Sin na shekarar 2019, kuma a cikin watan Yuni na shekarar 2020, an zabe ta a matsayin daya daga cikin "manyan kamfanoni 100 masu kirkire-kirkire a lardin Jiangsu na 2019".

US PV Technology
Ba kamfani ne na gwamnati ba.

Ltd. kamfani ne mai daukar hoto na hasken rana wanda Dokta Qu Xiaowar ya kafa a watan Nuwamba 2001 kuma ya yi nasara a kan NASDAQ a cikin 2006, kamfanin farko na kasar Sin wanda ya hada da hotunan hoto da aka jera akan NASDAQ (NASDAQ code: CSIQ).

Ltd ya ƙware a cikin R&D, samarwa da tallace-tallace na ingots silicon, wafers, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, samfuran hasken rana da samfuran aikace-aikacen hasken rana, da tsarin shigar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, kuma ana rarraba samfuranta na photovoltaic a cikin ƙasashe sama da 30 da yankuna a cikin nahiyoyi 5, gami da Jamus, Spain, Italiya, Amurka, Kanada, Koriya, Japan da China.

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana ba da bangon gilashin gilashin hoto da aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki ga abokan ciniki a duk duniya, kuma ya ƙware a cikin hanyoyin samar da hasken rana don kasuwanni na musamman kamar masana'antar ruwa, kayan aiki da masana'antar kera motoci.

Photovoltaic Power Generation Amurka
Menene manufar masana'antar sabis na zamani? Wannan ra'ayi na musamman ne ga kasar Sin kuma ba a ambace shi a waje. A cewar wasu masana cikin gida, abin da ake kira masana'antar sabis na zamani yana da alaƙa da masana'antar sabis na gargajiya, waɗanda suka haɗa da wasu sabbin nau'ikan masana'antar sabis, kamar fasahar sadarwa da sabis, kuɗi, gidaje, da dai sauransu, sannan kuma sun haɗa da amfani da hanyoyin zamani, kayan aiki da nau'ikan kasuwanci don masana'antar sabis na gargajiya.

Baya ga rarrabuwar kawuna na gargajiya da na zamani, akwai kuma rabe-rabe bisa ga abin hidima, wato sana’ar hidima ta kasu kashi uku: daya ita ce sana’ar hidimar da ake amfani da ita, daya ita ce sana’ar hidima ta samarwa, daya kuma ita ce hidimar jama’a. Daga cikin su, gwamnati ce ke jagorantar aikin hidimar jama'a, kuma har yanzu ana samun bunkasuwar sana'ar ba da hidima don amfani da ita a kasar Sin, amma matsakaicin fannin, wato masana'antar hidimar samar da kayayyaki, wadda aka fi sani da hidimomi masu amfani, gibin dake tsakanin Sin da kasashen duniya da suka ci gaba yana da yawa sosai.

Ana fahimtar masana'antar photovoltaic yawanci a cikin masana'antar sakandare, amma, a zahiri, photovoltaic kuma yana rufe masana'antar sabis, kuma, mallakar abin da ƙasarmu ta kira masana'antar sabis na zamani, babban abun ciki wanda kuma yana cikin nau'in masana'antar sabis mai albarka. A cikin wannan labarin, wasu tattaunawa akan wannan. Anan, zan rufe masana'antar photovoltaic ko shiga cikin masana'antar sabis, wanda ake kira masana'antar sabis na hoto.

Tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana a Amurka
Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya, dake cikin Amurka California da Nevada a iyakar Amurka. Sunan tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta Ivanpah, mai fadin fili mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 8. Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana a matsayin tushen makamashin da ba zai ƙarewa ba. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ivanpah ta samar da na'urorin hasken rana 300,000, wadanda ke da alhakin tattara makamashi don samar da wutar lantarki.

Masu bincike sun gano tsuntsaye da dama da suka kone da kone-kone da wasu namun daji a cikin iyakokin babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta duniya wato Ivanpah Solar Power Plant. Kamar yadda mutane suka ɗauka a matsayin tushen makamashin da ba zai ƙarewa ba amma yana lalata muhalli.