Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic ba ya dogara da grid ɗin wutar lantarki kuma yana aiki da kansa, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ɓangarorin tsaunuka masu nisa, yankuna ba tare da wutar lantarki ba, tsibiran, tashoshin sadarwa da fitilun titi da sauran aikace-aikace, ta amfani da samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic don warware matsalar. bukatun mazauna a yankunan da ba tare da wutar lantarki ba, rashin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki maras ƙarfi, makarantu ko ƙananan masana'antu don rayuwa da wutar lantarki, samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic tare da fa'idodin tattalin arziki, tsabta, kare muhalli, babu hayaniya da za ta iya maye gurbin ko maye gurbin dizal gaba ɗaya. aikin tsara na janareta.

1 PV kashe-grid tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da abun da ke ciki
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic gabaɗaya an rarraba shi cikin ƙaramin tsarin DC, ƙanana da matsakaicin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, da kuma babban tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.Ƙananan tsarin DC shine ya fi dacewa don magance mafi mahimmancin bukatun hasken wuta a yankunan da ba tare da wutar lantarki ba;tsarin kanana da matsakaita na kashe wutar lantarki musamman don magance bukatun iyalai, makarantu da kananan masana'antu;Babban tsarin kashe wutar lantarki ya fi dacewa don magance buƙatun wutar lantarki na ƙauyuka da tsibiran gabaɗaya, kuma wannan tsarin a yanzu yana cikin nau'in tsarin micro-grid.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi tsararrun hotovoltaic da aka yi da samfuran hasken rana, masu sarrafa hasken rana, masu juyawa, bankunan baturi, lodi, da sauransu.
Tsarin PV yana jujjuya makamashin hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki lokacin da akwai haske, kuma yana ba da wutar lantarki ga kaya ta hanyar mai sarrafa hasken rana da inverter (ko inverse control machine), yayin cajin fakitin baturi;lokacin da babu haske, baturi yana ba da wuta ga nauyin AC ta hanyar inverter.
2 PV kashe-grid tsarin samar da wutar lantarki babban kayan aiki
01. Modules
Module na hoto shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na kashe-gid, wanda aikinsa shine canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin wutar lantarki na DC.Halayen hasken wuta da halayen zafin jiki sune manyan abubuwa biyu da ke shafar aikin tsarin.
02, Inverter
Inverter wata na'ura ce da ke juyar da kai tsaye (DC) zuwa alternating current (AC) don biyan buƙatun wutar lantarkin AC.
Dangane da siginar fitarwa, ana iya raba inverter zuwa inverter square, inverter na mataki, da kuma sine wave inverter.Sine wave inverters suna da babban inganci, ƙananan jituwa, ana iya amfani da su ga kowane nau'in lodi, kuma suna da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi don inductive ko capacitive lodi.
03, Mai Gudanarwa
Babban aikin mai kula da PV shine tsarawa da sarrafa ikon DC da PV ɗin ke fitarwa da sarrafa caji da fitar da baturi cikin hankali.Ana buƙatar daidaita tsarin kashe-grid bisa ga matakin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin da ƙarfin tsarin tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da suka dace na mai sarrafa PV.An raba mai sarrafa PV zuwa nau'in PWM da nau'in MPPT, galibi ana samun su a matakan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban na DC12V, 24V da 48V.
04, Baturi
Baturi shine na'urar ajiyar makamashi na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma aikinsa shine adana makamashin lantarki da ke fitowa daga tsarin PV don samar da wutar lantarki yayin amfani da wutar lantarki.
05, Kulawa
3 tsarin ƙira da zaɓin cikakkun bayanai na ƙa'idodin ƙira: don tabbatar da cewa nauyin yana buƙatar saduwa da yanayin wutar lantarki, tare da ƙaramin ƙirar hoto da ƙarfin baturi, don rage yawan saka hannun jari.
01, Photovoltaic module zane
Mahimman bayani: P0 = (P × t × Q) / (η1 × T) dabara: P0 - ƙarfin kololuwar ƙirar hasken rana, naúrar Wp;P - ikon kaya, naúrar W;t - -sa'o'in yau da kullun na amfani da wutar lantarki na kaya, naúrar H;η1 - shine ingantaccen tsarin;T - matsakaicin matsakaicin gida na yau da kullun kololuwar sa'o'in rana, naúrar HQ- - ci gaba da haɓaka ƙimar lokacin girgije (gaba ɗaya 1.2 zuwa 2)
02, PV mai sarrafawa
Ma'anar Magana: I = P0 / V
Inda: I - PV mai kula da halin yanzu, naúrar A;P0 - ƙarfin kololuwar ƙirar ƙwayar rana, naúrar wp;V - ƙimar ƙarfin baturi na fakitin baturi, naúrar V ★ Lura: A cikin wurare masu tsayi, mai kula da PV yana buƙatar haɓaka wani yanki kuma ya rage ƙarfin amfani.
03, Off-grid inverter
Ma'anar Magana: Pn = (P * Q) / Cosθ A cikin tsari: Pn - ƙarfin mai juyawa, naúrar VA;P - ikon kaya, naúrar W;Cosθ - ƙarfin wutar lantarki na inverter (gaba ɗaya 0.8);Q - ma'aunin gefe da ake buƙata don inverter (wanda aka zaɓa gabaɗaya daga 1 zuwa 5).★Lura: a.Nau'o'i daban-daban (mai juriya, inductive, capacitive) suna da mabambantan magudanar ruwa na fara tashi da abubuwan gefe daban-daban.b.A cikin wurare masu tsayi, mai jujjuyawar yana buƙatar haɓaka wani yanki kuma ya rage ƙarfin amfani.
04, baturin gubar-acid
Mahimman bayani: C = P × t × T / (V × K × η2) dabara: C - ƙarfin fakitin baturi, naúrar Ah;P - ikon kaya, naúrar W;t - nauyin awoyi na yau da kullum na amfani da wutar lantarki, naúrar H;V - ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na fakitin baturi, naúrar V;K - ƙimar fitarwa na baturi, la'akari da ingancin baturi, zurfin fitarwa, yanayin zafi, da abubuwan tasiri, gabaɗaya ana ɗauka azaman 0.4 zuwa 0.7;η2 - inverter yadda ya dace;T - adadin kwanakin gizagizai a jere.
04. Lithium-ion baturi
Tsarin Magana: C = P × t × T / (K × η2)
Inda: C - ƙarfin baturin baturi, naúrar kWh;P - ikon kaya, naúrar W;t - adadin sa'o'i na wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a kowace rana, naúrar H;K-fitarwa coefficient na baturi, la'akari da ingancin baturi, zurfin fitarwa, yanayi zafin jiki da kuma tasiri dalilai, gaba daya dauka a matsayin 0.8 to 0.9;η2 - inverter yadda ya dace;T - adadin kwanakin gizagizai a jere.Harka Zane
Abokin ciniki na yanzu yana buƙatar tsara tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, ana la'akari da matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin hasken rana na yau da kullun bisa ga sa'o'i 3, ikon duk fitilu masu kyalli yana kusa da 5KW, kuma ana amfani da su na awanni 4 kowace rana, da gubar. - Ana ƙididdige batir acid bisa ga kwanaki 2 na ci gaba da gizagizai.Yi ƙididdige tsarin wannan tsarin.